Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) developed by Dr. Marsha Linehanin the late 1980s. It was originally created to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it has since been adapted for a wide range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, eating disorders, and substance use disorders

Who Benefits from DBT?

DBT is especially effective for individuals who:

-Experience intense emotions or emotional dysregulation

-Engage in self-harm or suicidal behavior

-Struggle with unstable relationships

-Have chronic feelings of emptiness or identity disturbance

Core Principles of DBT

Dialectics: The central dialectic in DBT is the balance between acceptance and change. The idea is that two seemingly opposite things (e.g., "I'm doing the best I can" and "I need to do better") can both be true.

Validation: DBT emphasizes the importance of validating a person’s experiences and feelings as real and understandable, while also helping them learn more effective ways of coping.

Behavioral Focus:

Like CBT, DBT is focused on changing behaviors that are harmful or ineffective.

Key Components of DBT

DBT typically includes four main components:

Individual Therapy: Weekly one-on-one sessions that focus on specific problems and how to apply DBT skills.

Group Skills Training: A structured group (not group therapy) where clients learn and practice DBT skills. Usually conducted weekly.

Phone Coaching: As-needed support from the therapist to help apply DBT skills in real-life situations.

Therapist Consultation Team:
A support system for therapists providing DBT to maintain motivation and ensure adherence to the model.

The Four DBT Skill Modules

Mindfulness:

-Foundation of DBT

-Focuses on observing, describing, and participating in the present moment non-judgmentally

Distress Tolerance:

-Crisis survival strategies

-Techniques like distraction, self-soothing, and radical acceptance

Emotion Regulation:

-Understand and label emotions

-Reduce vulnerability to emotional dysregulation

-Increase positive emotional events

Interpersonal Effectiveness:

-Improve communication

-Set boundaries

-Get needs met while maintaining relationships and self-respect

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